The thirtieth Convention of the Events (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Conference on Local weather Change (UNFCCC) is occurring in Belém, Brazil, from November 10 to 21, 2025.
I share this reflection as somebody engaged in local weather diplomacy because the early Nineties as negotiator, authorities official, diplomat, facilitator, professor, and advocate of local weather justice. My function is to supply the institutional reminiscence to the Philippines’ position as a local weather chief and to think about what we should do to stay one in in Belém and onwards.
Over three many years, I helped set up early Philippine local weather establishments, chaired negotiations on land use and forestry in Kyoto, facilitated REDD+ discussions in Copenhagen and Durban, and contributed inclusion of human rights, biodiversity, and local weather justice ideas within the Paris Settlement.
My greatest contribution has been mentoring new generations of negotiators and activists. Since stepping again from energetic negotiations in 2017, I’ve continued as an educational, coverage knowledgeable, and advocate for local weather justice and litigation towards main carbon emitters.
The Philippines as a local weather chief
From the start, Filipinos had been each mental contributors and strategic gamers in shaping the agenda and negotiation dynamics of the worldwide response to local weather change.
The US, the European Union, China, and India have dominated the method, but the Philippines has constantly been an energetic growing nation urgent for equity and ambition. It has been a key member of the Group of 77 and China and an influential voice within the Like-Minded Creating Nations (which we co-founded however later sadly left) and the Local weather Weak Discussion board.
Civil society, youth, indigenous peoples, and church teams have strengthened Philippine advocacy with proof, concepts, and ethical authority.
Filipino scientists have contributed to IPCC experiences, and we’ve got held management positions within the UNFCCC and the G77.
Bernarditas Mueller guided growing nation positions on finance, Vice Yu led work on loss and harm, and Governor Joey Salceda helped form the Inexperienced Local weather Fund. Lando Velasco and Athena Ronquillo-Ballesteros have formed the structure of local weather finance out and in of the local weather conference. Fred Serrano and his staff influenced the difference discourse, whereas Vicky Tauli-Corpuz and I superior indigenous and forest points. Lucille Sering, Manny de Guzman, and Purple Constantino had been energetic within the formation of the CVF.
At COP30, Cardinal Ambo David will likely be a robust voice for local weather justice, like many others in Aksyon Klima, the civil society coalition on local weather change of the Philippines.
Diplomats from the Division of Overseas Affairs have additionally contributed to our success in influencing the local weather course of.
Presidents Fidel V. Ramos, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, and Noynoy Aquino rose as much as the event.
Senators Sonny Alvarez and Loren Legarda have been our strongest political champions.
From COP1 in Berlin in 1995, the place the Philippines helped craft the Berlin Mandate, to COP3 in Kyoto in 1997, the place we had been instrumental in concluding the Kyoto Protocol, our affect was vital.
President Invoice Clinton personally thanked President Fidel V. Ramos for our position in Kyoto.
In between, at COP2 in Geneva in 1996, I used to be elected vice chairman and rapporteur of the UNFCCC Bureau.
When the USA withdrew from Kyoto, adaptation gained prominence, and the Philippines helped mainstream it by the Nairobi Work Programme in COP 12 (2007).
COP13 in Bali (2008) launched broad negotiations on mitigation, adaptation, finance, and know-how, however that failed in COP15 in Copenhagen (2009), though the Philippines fielded a powerful delegation that included its first youth consultant, Esperanza Garcia.
The Cancún Agreements of 2010, which created the Inexperienced Local weather Fund and formalized REDD+, mirrored Philippine priorities.
The typhoons that struck Mindanao and Visayas throughout COP 17 (2011) in Durban, which launched new negotiations, COP18 in Doha (2012), and COP19 (2013) in Warsaw made the Philippines a powerful voice for loss and harm. Certainly, Yeb Saño’s iconic speeches in Doha and Warsaw mirrored the urgency felt at house.
COP20 in Lima (2014) superior human rights language, with the Philippines and Chile taking part in main roles.
COP21 in Paris (2015), the place I used to be spokesperson of the Philippine delegation, included the 1.5 diploma goal, transparency frameworks, and the acknowledgement of local weather justice and comparable ideas. Philippine affect was robust, acknowledged by civil society, which awarded us the “Ray of the Day” (greatest delegation) award a number of occasions in Paris.
COPs in Marrakech (COP22), Bonn (COP23), Katowice (COP24), Madrid (COP25), and Glasgow (COP26) labored on implementation. However political developments slowed progress.
The elections of Donald Trump and Rodrigo Duterte decreased participation from the USA and the Philippines. The US withdrew from the method. Philippine credibility suffered due to human rights violations beneath Duterte.
Below the present administration, engagement has improved.
At COP27 in Sharm El Sheikh in 2022, Events agreed to determine a Loss and Harm Fund, a long-standing Philippine objective.
COP28 in Dubai in 2023 produced the primary International Stocktake, calling for a transition away from fossil fuels. The Loss and Harm Fund grew to become operational and the Philippines was chosen as host of its Board.
COP29 in Baku in 2024 centered on local weather finance however made restricted progress.
The problem of local weather management
Management requires consistency between home motion and worldwide advocacy. The Philippines can not credibly demand international ambition whereas remaining depending on fossil fuels.
Corruption is inconsistent with local weather management, which requires transparency, accountability, and good governance.
Local weather management is inseparable from human rights, and the safety of environmental defenders have to be assured.
The Philippines has performed management roles earlier than and may accomplish that once more in Belém and onwards, however local weather management begins at house. – Rappler.com
