After Midnight Raid on Chicago House Constructing, No One Was Charged With a Crime — ProPublica

On the evening of the raid, closely armed federal brokers zip-tied Jhonny Manuel Caicedo Fereira’s fingers behind his again, marched him out of his Chicago house constructing and put him towards a wall to query him.

As a Black Hawk helicopter roared overhead, the slender, 28-year-old immigrant from Venezuela answered softly, his eyes darting to a tv crew invited to movie the raid. Subsequent to Caicedo, masked Border Patrol brokers inspected one other man’s tattoos and requested him if he belonged to Tren de Aragua, the Venezuelan gang that the Trump administration has designated a terrorist group.

Till that second, Caicedo’s solely interplay with legislation enforcement in his two-and-a-half years in the US had been a visitors cease two weeks earlier for driving with out a license or insurance coverage, in accordance with the data we reviewed. Chicago police had run a background verify on him and located no prior arrests, no warrants and no proof that he was in a gang. Caicedo stated he had a pending asylum software, a gentle job at a taco joint and a girlfriend whose daughter attended elementary college throughout the road. 

None of that mattered. The U.S. authorities paraded him and his neighbors in entrance of the cameras and referred to as their arrests a spectacular victory towards terrorism. However later, after the cameras had gone, prosecutors didn’t cost Caicedo with a criminal offense. They didn’t accuse him of being a terrorist. And after a quick listening to in immigration courtroom, the federal government despatched him again to the nation he had fled 9 years earlier.

“I misplaced every part,” he stated in a telephone interview from his mom’s house within the Venezuelan metropolis of Valencia. “For these fools, everybody from Venezuela is a prison.”

Caicedo’s quiet deportation contrasted with the drama of his seize throughout one of the aggressive and extremely publicized immigration raids carried out in a U.S. metropolis in current historical past. Shortly after midnight on Sept. 30, some 300 brokers from Border Patrol, the FBI and different businesses stormed the 130-unit house advanced. SWAT groups rappelled from a helicopter, knocked down doorways and hurled flash-bang grenades. They arrested 37 immigrants, most of them Venezuelans, who authorities say have been within the nation illegally. Brokers additionally zip-tied and, for a number of hours, detained many U.S. residents. 

Quickly afterward, President Donald Trump’s administration launched a slickly produced video of the operation. Officers stated that they had captured two “confirmed” members of Tren de Aragua, together with one on a terrorist watch record. Stephen Miller, the White Home homeland safety adviser and architect of the nationwide immigration crackdown, declared that the constructing was “full of TdA terrorists,” that the raid had “saved God is aware of what number of lives” and that it was “one of the profitable legislation enforcement operations that we’ve seen on this nation.”

A ProPublica investigation, nonetheless, has discovered little proof to assist the federal government’s claims. ProPublica has found the names of 21 of the detained Venezuelan women and men and interviewed 12 of them. We additionally spoke with dozens of their family members, buddies and neighbors. And we reviewed U.S. public data databases and courtroom web sites, examined courtroom paperwork and social media accounts, obtained audio and video recordings made that evening, and attended immigration courtroom hearings.

Federal prosecutors haven’t filed prison prices towards anybody who was arrested. Nor have they revealed any proof displaying that two immigrants arrested within the constructing belonged to the Tren de Aragua gang, and even supplied their names. ProPublica was nonetheless capable of determine certainly one of them, Ludwing Jeanpier Parra Pérez, from a press launch that didn’t join him to the raid. Parra denied that he’s a member.

“I don’t have something to do with that,” Parra, 24, stated throughout an interview from an Indiana jail the place not less than 17 of the boys have been taken after the raid. “I’m very nervous. I don’t know why they’re saying that. I got here right here to discover a higher future for me and my household.”

Our assessment of prison data signifies that Chicago police arrested Parra for drug possession and driving with out a license after a visitors cease final yr, however the prices have been dropped. We discovered no different arrest data.

Because the detained males have gone to immigration courtroom, many have requested to be despatched again to Venezuela. ProPublica has noticed eight of their hearings, and never as soon as has a authorities lawyer talked about any pending prison prices or membership in Tren de Aragua. As a substitute, judges have merely ordered them deported, like Caicedo, or have granted them voluntary departure — an indication that they aren’t seen as a severe risk and might apply for return to the US. 

That “raises a authentic query as as to whether any of the individuals in that constructing have been actually thought of prone to prosecution,” stated Mark Rotert, a former federal prosecutor and protection lawyer in Chicago. “Do they actually consider they’ve people who find themselves members of a violent organized crime gang? In the event that they consider they’ve individuals who match that standards, I might be very shocked in the event that they have been happy with solely deporting them.”

Though officers stated that they had intelligence about weapons, medicine and explosives within the constructing, they haven’t revealed proof that they seized something illicit. The authorized justification for brokers forcing their method into residences all through the constructing is unclear. In interviews, former SWAT crew members and different legislation enforcement consultants questioned the choice to have brokers descend on ropes from a helicopter — a tactic that’s uncommon in city settings due to the danger to brokers and the general public. And veteran gang investigators stated the post-operation hype displays a political obsession with Tren de Aragua by the Trump administration that’s distorting the risk the gang poses.

“There’s a lot stress placed on brokers to be documenting TdA that they simply see Venezuelan crooks and say, ‘He’s TdA,’” stated a Texas legislation enforcement official who’s an skilled on Latino gangs and who requested anonymity as a result of he’s not licensed to remark.

In the course of the raid, panicked tenants hid below beds, climbed into elevator shafts and jumped out of home windows, residents stated. Some managed to keep away from seize. Six Venezuelan males stated brokers hit or kicked them. A legislation enforcement canine bit a Nigerian tenant, leaving blood on the ground of an house, in accordance with interviews and a telephone video of the aftermath. Charging into an house close by, brokers compelled Jean Carlos Antonio Colmenares Pérez to his knees. His 6-year-old nephew clung to him, sobbing.

“They introduced us out like criminals,” stated Colmenares, 39, a development employee and former Venezuelan military paratrooper. Aside from a visitors ticket, the daddy of 4 has no prison report that we may discover.

In a radio interview, Todd Lyons, the performing director of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, stated the present of drive was obligatory due to the risk from Tren de Aragua gang members who have been “terrorizing the poor residents.” He added: “When legislation enforcement has any intelligence like that, after we’re going through recognized gang members that are actually designated a international terrorist group, in fact we’re going to go in with our SWAT groups and our particular operations groups.”

However ProPublica’s reporting debunks the concept of a “Tren de Aragua advanced” taken over by a horde of terrorists. We discovered no prison convictions for 18 of the 21 Venezuelans we recognized. Three of the boys had been charged with offenses starting from drug possession to battery, however in every case the fees have been dropped. One other man had convictions for home battery and shoplifting, and a pending cost for unlawful gun possession. As well as, one man had convictions for shoplifting and battery towards an officer, together with pending theft prices. A 3rd had a marijuana possession conviction. 

Our findings on prison data are usually not complete since there’s no common database of prices or convictions. We now have no data concerning the opposite 16 people detained within the raid as a result of officers have declined to launch any names or say whether or not youngsters have been included in that rely. ProPublica couldn’t confirm if any of them might have data in different nations.

The Division of Homeland Safety didn’t reply to an in depth record of questions concerning the raid. It supplied an announcement that stated the operation was “carried out in full compliance of the legislation.”

“On condition that two people of a International Terrorist Group have been arrested, at a constructing they’re recognized to frequent, we’re restricted on additional data we will present,” Tricia McLaughlin, spokesperson for the DHS, stated within the assertion. “The security and safety of sources is extra vital than your story.”

There isn’t any doubt that the five-story constructing a block from Lake Michigan was dilapidated and harmful. Younger males brazenly carried weapons in hallways and stairwells, a number of former residents stated. Some tenants barricaded themselves of their properties at evening to thrust back burglars and drug addicts. A Venezuelan resident was arrested for the homicide of a countryman in an house over the summer season. Squatters — each U.S. residents and Venezuelans — occupied some items. 

However law-abiding households lived there, too. Colmenares had moved in initially of the yr along with his cousin’s household. In one other unit lived certainly one of his brothers along with his grownup son, who has autism. 

Whereas working lengthy days in development and nights as an Uber driver, Colmenares tried to navigate across the menace and squalor.

“I don’t know whether or not these individuals have been or weren’t thieves,” he stated. “As a result of to inform you the reality, I simply handed proper by them. ‘Good morning, good morning,’ and that’s it. I used to be centered on going to work.”

The Newcomers

Colmenares, Caicedo and Parra have been among the many greater than 50,000 new immigrants who started arriving in Chicago in 2022.

Many settled in South Shore, a predominantly African American neighborhood that has struggled with crime and neglect by town’s usually dysfunctional and corrupt political management. It’s a panorama filled with contrasts. Effectively-maintained blocks of bungalows and chic homes coexist with deserted storefronts and vacant tons. The realm has been the house of Michelle Obama, Jesse Jackson and Kanye West. However it has additionally absorbed low-income households displaced by the demolition of Chicago’s huge and violent housing tasks beginning within the Nineteen Nineties. A lot of them ended up in grim house blocks just like the one at 7500 S. South Shore Drive. 

So did the Venezuelans. The hire was low-cost. Those that moved in discovered jobs washing dishes and driving for Uber, laying shingles and hanging drywall. By the point of the raid, about 40 Venezuelan households, many with babies, lived there, a number of former tenants stated.

A couple of dozen African American residents stated they maintained pleasant however distant relations with their new neighbors. One man fondly recalled an tour to close by Rainbow Seashore with a Venezuelan household. One other complained that the inflow of Venezuelan immigrants strained assets, together with on the native meals pantry. 

“By the point we get there, it’s solely three items of bread left,” he stated.

Not one of the residents interviewed by ProPublica stated they knew of Tren de Aragua members within the constructing. However a number of acknowledged the presence of Venezuelans concerned in prison exercise, who one resident described as “malandros,” slang for hoodlums. 

Former residents described seeing males brazenly carry handguns contained in the constructing at events the place Venezuelans danced to loud digital music. Others stated there was drug dealing — by U.S. residents in addition to immigrants — and prostitution. Longtime residents stated the Venezuelans concerned in criminal activity preyed primarily on their countrymen.

“There have been all types of individuals in there,” one Venezuelan man stated. “There have been humble households and dealing individuals. However there have been additionally dangerous individuals.”

Within the yr main as much as the raid, town block the place the house constructing sits had 61 reported crimes, which is analogous to different close by blocks, in accordance with a ProPublica evaluation. In distinction, most metropolis blocks skilled 5 or fewer reported crimes.

In June, two Venezuelan males allegedly gunned down a fellow Venezuelan tenant in a third-floor house, the obvious sufferer of a feud amongst teams of immigrants. However courtroom data, Chicago police reviews and a DHS press launch don’t point out a hyperlink to gang exercise, not to mention to Tren de Aragua. One man has been charged and is pleading not responsible within the case, in accordance with the Cook dinner County public defender’s workplace.

Nonetheless, federal officers have stated that that they had gathered intelligence that Tren de Aragua members had taken over deserted residences and had weapons and even explosives. Not one of the residents interviewed by ProPublica stated they have been conscious of explosives. A number of legislation enforcement officers advised ProPublica it could be uncommon to search out Tren de Aragua members within the U.S. with explosives.

The constructing was in dangerous form. Trash piled up. Water flooded the halls. Stairwells smelled of urine. Plaster fell from the partitions. Bugs and rodents infested the constructing. The safety guards disappeared. Up to now two years, the constructing failed 18 of 21 inspections. 

As summer season turned to fall, the Venezuelan tenants realized that they had one thing else to fret about: Operation Halfway Blitz, the immigration enforcement marketing campaign that has led to greater than 3,000 arrests all through town and suburbs. Immigration brokers detained Colmenares’ brother and his nephew in late September as they returned house after on the lookout for scrap metallic to promote. 

“They have been grabbing individuals in all places,” Colmenares stated.

The Raid

At 12:55 a.m. on Sept. 30, Parra was exchanging audio messages with an outdated pal from Caracas a couple of development job. Parra’s 5-month-old daughter had been sick with a fever, and the pal deliberate to drop by with diapers.

All of the sudden Parra’s girlfriend began shouting within the different room. An audio message to the pal recorded the couple’s frantic dialog.

“Immigration acquired in right here,” she advised Parra.

“The place?” he requested.

“Right here, inside,” she stated, because the noise of a helicopter crescendoed.

Earlier than they knew it, masked brokers had knocked down the door of their second-floor house, in accordance with Parra, his girlfriend and a pal who was spending the evening there along with her son. 

“Palms up,” the brokers yelled, grabbing Parra within the kitchen and zip-tying his fingers behind his again.

“It was just like the navy trying to find Pablo,” stated Parra, referring to the Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar.

The overwhelming drive of the raid shocked the constructing’s residents.

Yelianny Nicoll Primera Herreras, 20, awoke to the booming sound of doorways being damaged down throughout the corridor. She seemed out the window of the house her household had moved into simply two days earlier and noticed drones and armored automobiles. Then her house door got here down. Brokers swarmed in, grabbed her husband and pushed him towards a wall.

“I used to be screaming,” Primera stated. “I used to be so scared.” All she may take into consideration, she stated, was whether or not the brokers would take away her three daughters — all below 4 — and deport her with out them.

Colmenares stated he tried to movie the brokers once they burst into his unit. They snatched his telephone, threw it to the ground and hit him throughout the top with the butt of a rifle, he stated. He dropped to his knees, he stated, and raised his fingers to his neck. His cousin’s spouse, Norelly Eugenia Mejías Cáceres, fainted and brokers carried her down the steps.

When she got here to, she was disoriented, barefoot and unable to reply brokers’ questions. “The place is my son?” she requested time and again, till they took her to a small bus in a close-by car parking zone the place he was being held along with his father and uncle.

Nathan Howard, a U.S. citizen, was asleep in a fifth-floor house when the raid started. He noticed the helicopter and the brokers storming into the constructing from a stairwell on the roof. He was briefly blinded by shiny white lights as brokers threw a flash-bang contained in the house.

“It’s 20,000 of them working via my home like we acquired Saddam Hussein within the closet,” he stated.

Howard stated that he was zip-tied to his brother, Cameo Polk, and later taken to the adjoining car parking zone of a college he had attended as a baby. Howard was turned over to Chicago police on an excellent warrant for failure to look in courtroom. Of the numerous U.S. residents who brokers detained briefly, Howard was the one one arrested. He’s pleading not responsible, in accordance with the Cook dinner County public defender’s workplace.

Brokers scrawled the Venezuelans’ house numbers on their arms, naked chests and foreheads with black marker. Then they marched the detainees outdoors, lined them towards a wall and questioned them, a scene filmed by a NewsNation digicam crew that accompanied brokers.

Parra’s girlfriend stated she tucked their cellphones below her shirt and between her breasts and walked out of the constructing. She carried her sick daughter, who was wearing a onesie. She noticed different moms with half-naked youngsters — some have been barefoot, others wore solely diapers. 

“They didn’t give them an opportunity to even put garments on their youngsters,” she stated.

Brokers questioned Leonardo José Paredes Varela, Gabriel Enrique Gamarra Pérez and Jonahyker Francisco López Manzano about Tren de Aragua, the three males stated. Paredes has convictions for home battery and shoplifting, and a pending gun possession cost. He’s pleading not responsible within the pending case, in accordance with the Cook dinner County public defender’s workplace. Gamarra has a conviction for marijuana possession and one other pending marijuana possession cost. It’s unclear whether or not he has entered a plea within the pending case. We didn’t discover any convictions for López. All three males denied realizing something in regards to the gang, and authorities haven’t publicly accused them of being members.

Paredes, Gamarra and two others stated brokers confirmed them pictures of a couple of half dozen males and requested in the event that they knew them. 

The pictures gave them the impression that the brokers have been on the lookout for individuals who didn’t dwell within the constructing. Gamarra stated one agent stated about him and the others, “These aren’t the fellows.”

Parra stated brokers didn’t ask him about Tren de Aragua. 

Due to the lack of know-how supplied by DHS, it’s troublesome to evaluate the accusations that Parra and one other Venezuelan, who has not been named, belong to Tren de Aragua. A DHS spokesperson stated one of many two males “was a constructive match” on a watch record for terrorists. We checked a number of lists of alleged gang members which might be stored by Venezuelan legislation enforcement officers and the worldwide legislation enforcement company Interpol; Parra’s identify was not on these lists.

Gang consultants warn in regards to the challenges of accurately figuring out members of Tren de Aragua. The gang has a brief historical past on this nation and has much less energy right here than in Latin American nations equivalent to Chile and Peru, the place Tren de Aragua and its offshoots are main gamers within the underworld. 

ProPublica, in collaboration with Venezuelan journalists from Alianza Rebelde Investiga (Insurgent Alliance Investigates) and Cazadores de Faux Information (Faux Information Hunters), beforehand reported on how the Trump administration rounded up greater than 230 Venezuelans and referred to as them gang members with out offering proof. The lads have been despatched to El Salvador, the place they have been imprisoned for 4 months. DHS and the White Home have beforehand defended the deportations, saying that “America is safer with them out of our nation.”

Edwin Santana, a longtime New Jersey gang investigator, stated federal brokers are combating political stress and lack of knowledge as they attempt to determine members of the gang.

“There’s a fixation with Tren de Aragua,” he stated. “It’s like the flavour of the month.” 

Overkill?

The high-profile raid escalated the political debate over how the Trump administration is finishing up its immigration marketing campaign. In interviews with ProPublica, eight present and former legislation enforcement officers, together with veterans of SWAT groups, expressed concern about a few of the strategies utilized in South Shore. 

The deployment featured two tactical items that, till just lately, would have been a wierd sight on the streets of U.S. cities. One is a particular response crew of Customs and Border Safety officers who usually work at ports of entry. The opposite is the Border Patrol Tactical Unit, the company’s elite SWAT division. Though the unit does occasional inland missions, present and former legislation enforcement officers stated it not often conducts city raids just like the one in Chicago.

“BORTAC is extremely skilled and proficient, nevertheless it’s not clear that one of these operation is one they’re greatest suited to conduct,” stated John Cohen, a former senior DHS official.

Cohen, a 40-year legislation enforcement veteran and former SWAT crew member, questioned the choice to have brokers descend from helicopters on ropes. Helicopters are routinely used for remark and assist throughout raids. However in cities, the techniques referred to as rappelling, during which brokers are hooked up to the ropes, and fast-roping, during which they aren’t hooked up, are sometimes reserved for excessive situations equivalent to hostage rescues due to the dangers of damage to brokers and of a helicopter mishap to the general public, consultants stated. 

Cohen stated he has achieved a whole lot of searches, together with in gang-controlled buildings, however “I’ve by no means rappelled out of helicopters in these operations.”

DHS officers haven’t defined the character of the risk motivating extraordinary techniques that typically require high-level approval in Washington, D.C., in accordance with interviews. 

It’s additionally not clear how authorities selected the goal for the raid. The constructing has a troubled historical past that has drawn the eye of police and metropolis inspectors for years. Final yr town sued the proprietor, Trinity Flood, a Wisconsin actual property investor, for failing to maintain the constructing protected. The property is in foreclosures. In courtroom filings, Flood has stated her firms “have invested a whole lot of hours working with legislation enforcement in an try to forestall unlawful squatters and prison parts within the space from coming into the constructing.” Flood didn’t return requests for remark.

The realm’s alderman, Greg Mitchell, has stated that he responded to the numerous complaints in regards to the constructing by in search of assist from police and different businesses, together with the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, in accordance with a Block Membership Chicago report. Mitchell didn’t reply to requests for remark. A spokesperson for the ATF, whose brokers participated within the raid, declined to remark.

Two weeks earlier than the raid, Cook dinner County sheriff’s deputies went via the constructing to hold out evictions in a dozen residences, data present. Federal brokers developed a goal record of suspects and residences based mostly partly on data from Flood, in accordance with interviews and statements by officers.

The brokers centered primarily on residences occupied by immigrants, or by U.S. residents who weren’t paying hire, and bypassed a variety of items whose tenants have been older U.S. residents, in accordance with interviews.

Shut to 2 dozen residents stated brokers entered their residences with out offering a warrant. Many stated brokers had knocked down their doorways. Such a compelled entry would require a judicial warrant signed by a federal decide. No such warrants have been filed publicly, although they are often stored below seal because the investigative course of unfolds. 

Colmenares stated he didn’t open the door to his house as a result of he had seen on the information that brokers have been imagined to have warrants. Naudelys Yayes stated that, as she and her 4-year-old son have been taken out of one other unit, she requested an agent in the event that they have been allowed to enter with out a warrant. He advised her that they had a warrant as a result of “on this constructing there’s a whole lot of weapons,” however he by no means confirmed it to her. 

Immigration authorities may also use so-called administrative warrants, which don’t enable a compelled entry. Residents should give permission for officers to enter their house. 

DHS officers have stated warrants performed a task within the raid however haven’t supplied particulars. 

“We’re not violating their rights,” Greg Bovino, the Border Patrol chief who led the raid, stated in an interview with NewsNation. “We’re making it protected for them to allow them to dwell in a protected and safe neighborhood.”

If that was the objective, it hasn’t occurred. At a Friday listening to, the day after a court-ordered inspection, 5 metropolis inspectors described uncovered wires, damaged elevators, leaking pipes and different hazards. Six tenants advised the decide about mice and gnats, flooded flooring, damaged doorways, squatters and a scarcity of safety guards.

The constructing’s property supervisor, Corey Oliver, stated he employed armed safety after the raid however fired them once they refused to patrol the constructing. Oliver didn’t reply to requests for remark.

“The security of those tenants and the protection of this constructing is of paramount significance,” the decide stated through the listening to. She appointed a brand new firm to supervise the property and assist the remaining three dozen tenants transfer elsewhere.

Leaving 

After the raid, not less than 17 Venezuelan males have been bussed to the Clay County Jail close to Terre Haute, Indiana. Colmenares stated he wasn’t allowed to make use of the toilet all morning and urinated on himself through the three-and-a-half hour drive to the jail.

The Venezuelan girls and youngsters detained on the constructing have been taken to an immigration processing middle. At the least 4 of the moms and their youngsters — some U.S. residents — have been launched later that day. 

Parra’s girlfriend stated she was placed on an ankle monitor and advised to get her daughter’s U.S. passport so that they might be returned collectively to Venezuela. She went again to her house and was infuriated to find that it had been ransacked by different tenants who may stroll in as a result of the door had been knocked down.

“I used to be left with out garments. With no mattress. With out my daughter’s crib,” she stated. “They usually took my companion away from me.” 

About two weeks later, she returned to Venezuela along with her daughter.

Different girls and youngsters have been placed on a aircraft to Texas the day after the raid. Mejías and her 6-year-old son spent near a month at a household detention facility there earlier than she gave up combating for asylum and requested to be deported. Her son cried for his father and refused to eat the beans and rice served in jail. Generally different girls would purchase her son ramen noodles from the commissary.

Again in Venezuela, Mejías and her son are actually staying on the house of certainly one of her sisters about an hour from Caracas. Her husband, who had a job washing dishes at a restaurant in Chicago’s Chinatown, stays in detention at a jail in Kentucky.

“They stated they have been on the lookout for criminals, however the boy and me, and my husband, we’re not criminals,” Mejías stated in a telephone interview. “I don’t know why they did that.”

In October, one of many Venezuelan males filed a habeas corpus petition in federal courtroom in search of his launch on bond. That petition — which was filed collectively with two different males detained on the constructing earlier than the raid — stays pending.

Because the weeks in detention have handed, a number of males stated they really feel sick, remoted and in despair. In immigration hearings, many have requested judges to ship them to Venezuela as quickly as attainable. 

Three weeks after the raid, Johan José Cordero Hernández appeared in Chicago immigration courtroom by way of a video hyperlink from jail.

Cordero had arrived in the US in early 2023 and labored as a welder. On the evening of the raid, a masked agent marched him via a car parking zone; he seemed drained in a pink T-shirt, his fingers zip-tied behind his again. 

In courtroom, Cordero sat alone in entrance of a digicam and answered the decide’s questions politely in Spanish. He didn’t have an lawyer. He advised the decide he hadn’t been arrested earlier than. A authorities lawyer confirmed that Cordero was telling the reality. “Not in our data,” she stated.

The decide then defined that Cordero was eligible to depart voluntarily to Venezuela, giving him the prospect to return someday. Cordero accepted.

“I want you a lot luck sooner or later,” the decide stated. Cordero bowed his head. Two weeks later, he was gone.