The USA launched a “giant scale strike” by navy forces in Venezuela on Saturday, capturing Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro and his spouse. The U.S., which stated Maduro would face felony fees within the U.S., the place he was indicted years in the past, has an extended historical past of navy interventions in Latin America.
Listed here are the main U.S. interventions in Latin America for the reason that Chilly Conflict.
1954: Guatemala
On June 27, 1954, Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzman, then-president of Guatemala, was pushed from energy by mercenaries skilled and financed by Washington, after a land reform that threatened the pursuits of the highly effective U.S. firm United Fruit Company (later Chiquita Manufacturers).
In 2003, the U.S. formally acknowledged the U.S. Central Intelligence Company’s position on this coup, within the identify of combating communism.
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1961: Cuba
From April 15 to 19, 1961, about 1,400 Cuban exiles had been skilled by the CIA and so they launched the Bay of Pigs invasion to liberate Cuba. The plan was to make use of exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro’s communist authorities.
On the time, there was a powerful concern of the Soviet Union. However the mission went horribly mistaken and have become a black eye for each the administrations of Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy.
The combating left greater than 100 folks on either side.
After the Bay of Pigs, the CIA tried to hatch extra plots to overthrow Castro that included poisoning his cigar, amongst different implausible concepts. Different plans had been in place beneath a Kennedy administration plan known as “Operation Mongoose.”
No different assault of that magnitude was ever launched towards Castro after the April 1961 Bay of Pigs fiasco.
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1965: Dominican Republic
In 1965, citing a “communist risk” within the Dominican Republic, the U.S. despatched Marines and paratroopers to Santo Domingo to crush an rebellion in assist of Juan Bosch, a leftist president ousted by generals in 1963.
Seventies: Assist for dictatorships
Washington backed a number of navy dictatorships in Latin America in the course of the Seventies, seeing them as a bulwark towards left-wing armed actions in a world divided by Chilly Conflict rivalries.
It actively assisted Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet in the course of the September 11, 1973 coup towards leftist President Salvador Allende.
U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger supported the Argentine junta in 1976, encouraging it to shortly finish its “soiled battle,” in line with U.S. paperwork declassified in 2003. Not less than 10,000 Argentine dissidents disappeared throughout that point.
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Within the Seventies and Eighties, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil joined forces to get rid of left-wing opponents beneath “Operation Condor,” with tacit U.S. assist.
1979: Nicaragua
In 1979, the Sandinista insurrection overthrew dictator Anastasio Somoza in Nicaragua. U.S. President Ronald Reagan, involved about Managua’s alignment with Cuba and the Soviet Union, secretly authorised the CIA to supply $20 million in assist to the counterrevolutionaries, the Contras, partly funded by the unlawful sale of arms to Iran.
The Nicaraguan civil battle lasted till April 1990 and claimed 50,000 lives.
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1980: El Salvador
President Reagan additionally despatched navy advisers to El Salvador to crush the insurrection of the Farabundo Marta Nationwide Liberation Entrance, or FMLN, in a civil battle that lasted for 12 years and resulted in 72,000 deaths.
1983: Grenada
On October 25, 1983, U.S. Marines and Rangers intervened on the island of Grenada after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop was assassinated by a far-left junta, and as Cubans had been increasing the airport, presumably to accommodate navy plane.
On the request of the Group of Jap Caribbean States, Reagan launched Operation “Pressing Fury” with the said aim of defending a thousand U.S. residents.
The operation, extensively deplored by the United Nations Normal Meeting, ended on November 3, with greater than 100 useless.
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1989: Panama
Maduro’s seize got here 36 years to the day after U.S. forces arrested former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega. Noriega rose to prominence in Panama’s navy authorities earlier than taking management in 1985. He spent years on the CIA’s payroll, helping U.S. pursuits in Latin America, earlier than falling out of favor with Washington within the late Eighties.
Former President George H.W. Bush ordered the U.S. navy to invade Panama in late 1989, sending 24,000 troops to topple Noriega’s authorities. The operation left 23 American troopers useless and a whole bunch extra injured. “Operation Simply Trigger” formally left 500 useless in complete. NGOs have listed the toll within the hundreds.
Noriega hid out within the Vatican embassy earlier than surrendering to U.S. authorities on January 3, 1990. He was taken to the U.S. to face drug trafficking fees. His fall led to the tip of Panama’s navy dictatorship. He spent greater than 20 years in jail in the US, then extradited to France and Panama. He died in 2017.
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