Cambodia-Thailand border tensions take a look at ASEAN’s battle administration position

ASEAN newsrooms have joined collectively to supply an preliminary evaluation of the progress and challenges confronted by ASEAN in 2026 underneath the chairmanship of the Philippines.

On this collection, regional newsrooms Rappler, Mizzima, Kiripost, and Malaysiakini delve into the important thing points going through this regional physique.

PHNOM PENH, Cambodia – Because the Philippines takes up the 2026 chairmanship of the Affiliation of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ongoing tensions alongside the Cambodia-Thailand border have renewed scrutiny of the bloc’s capacity to handle conflicts amongst its members and uphold its position in selling regional peace and stability.

Lengthy-standing disputes over an 800-kilometer stretch of border territory have led to intermittent deadly battle between Cambodia and Thailand. The newest hostilities have escalated deep into Cambodia’s inside, leading to important casualties and a humanitarian disaster involving practically a million displaced individuals.

Cambodian analyst Panhavuth Lengthy stated the border tensions undermine ASEAN’s picture as a bloc dedicated to peace and stability.  

“When member states expertise open confrontation, it raises doubts about ASEAN’s inside cohesion and its capacity to uphold its norms. Even when such disputes stay bilateral, they’ve reputational penalties for ASEAN as a complete,” he stated.

He stated the dispute will be considered each as a humiliation and as a take a look at for ASEAN.

“They’re embarrassing as a result of they spotlight the hole between ASEAN’s rhetoric and its restricted enforcement capability. On the identical time, they take a look at whether or not ASEAN’s conflict-management mechanisms — corresponding to chair-led diplomacy, quiet mediation and session frameworks — can perform successfully. If ASEAN helps comprise the dispute and assist de-escalation, it could reinforce its credibility. If it stays passive, ASEAN dangers being perceived as ineffective.”

Exterior actors

On the position of exterior actors, Panhavuth stated outdoors involvement may assist scale back tensions however should not sideline ASEAN. 

“Exterior actors corresponding to the US might contribute to de-escalation by offering diplomatic leverage or humanitarian assist. Nonetheless, heavy exterior involvement additionally dangers weakening ASEAN centrality if ASEAN seems unable to handle regional disputes independently.”

Chhai Bunsonareach, a analysis affiliate on the Asian Imaginative and prescient Institute, stated ASEAN centrality in follow is proscribed by the bloc’s lack of enforcement powers. 

“In follow, ASEAN centrality means it provides members a platform and guidelines, however not enforcement energy,” he stated. “It acts as a convener and norm-setter for wider regional processes, following the ‘ASEAN Manner’ of informality, consensus, non-interference and mutual respect.”

Bunsonareach stated that binding settlements are normally pursued outdoors ASEAN mechanisms. “When disputes escalate, ASEAN presents venues, statements, and typically observers, whereas binding settlements are pursued bilaterally or via our bodies, just like the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice,” he stated. 

Bunsonareach added that the present tensions have harmed ASEAN’s repute, significantly for smaller member states. 

“The continuing Cambodia-Thailand border tensions are damaging ASEAN’s repute as a guarantor of peace and stability, a task on which small states like Cambodia rely,” he stated. 

Bunsonareach pointed to ASEAN’s overcautious response, together with its choice to not activate the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation Excessive Council, has raised issues that quiet diplomacy alone could also be inadequate to reassure smaller members when a bigger neighbor resorts to power. 

Resolving disputes

The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC), signed in 1976, units guidelines for peaceable relations amongst ASEAN states and features a Excessive Council to resolve disputes, although it’s not often used as members favor bilateral talks.

He added, nevertheless, the Joint Assertion of December 27, 2025, reveals {that a} small state can nonetheless leverage ASEAN’s laws and procedures to assist demining, deploy an ASEAN Observer Group (AOT), guarantee an enduring ceasefire, and bind each side to the UN Constitution, the ASEAN Constitution, and the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation.

On exterior involvement, he stated US engagement can assist de-escalation if framed inside ASEAN-led efforts. 

“US efforts are most useful when they’re explicitly framed as reinforcing ASEAN-led processes, corresponding to backing ASEAN chair statements, observer groups, and de-mining missions, fairly than changing ASEAN as the primary dealer,” he stated. US President Donald Trump stepped in to attempt to carry peace in cellphone calls made in 2025. 

Cambodian authorities response

Pen Bona, spokesperson for the Cambodian authorities, stated Malaysia had labored all through 2025 to facilitate a ceasefire and joint peace efforts. “Malaysia has tried very exhausting to have a ceasefire and a joint peace settlement in Kuala Lumpur,” he stated, including that Malaysia additionally supported the institution of the AOT.

He stated ASEAN international ministers met on January 29 to debate the implementation of agreements between Cambodia and Thailand. “ASEAN underneath the Philippines had mentioned growth of implementation of all agreements between Cambodia and Thailand,” Bona stated.

He added that Deputy Prime Minister Prak Sokhonn had briefed ASEAN members on developments. “The Deputy Prime Minister Prak Sokhonn has knowledgeable all ASEAN members in regards to the conditions between Cambodia and Thailand, how the issues advanced and a few points about refugees,” he stated.

Bona stated Philippine Overseas Secretary Theresa Lazaro confirmed Manila’s position in implementing the joint declaration. “She confirmed that she is ready to facilitate and monitor the December 27, 2025, joint declaration to be efficient,” he stated, including that “the Philippines has additionally taken the chairmanship of the AOT from Malaysia.” – Rappler.com

ALSO IN THIS SERIES