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The state of New Mexico is accusing three Texas oil executives of orchestrating “a fraudulent scheme” to pocket income from tons of of oil and gasoline wells in New Mexico and offload the price of plugging and cleansing up the wells onto the state’s taxpayers. The go well with, filed in late December by the New Mexico lawyer basic’s workplace, is the most recent salvo within the state’s combat in opposition to oil and gasoline executives accused of foisting outdated wells onto the general public.
The 72-page criticism alleges a yearslong sample of fraud and self-dealing through which the oil executives — Everett Willard Grey II, Robert Stitzel and Marquis Reed Gilmore Jr., all of Midland, Texas — repeatedly transferred wells amongst “a sequence of shell firms, LLCs, and partnerships they created.” On a number of events, the boys positioned firms into chapter 11 safety, solely to maneuver their worthwhile wells to different firms they owned or managed outdoors the chapter proceedings, the go well with stated.
New Mexico faces hundreds of thousands of {dollars} in prices to plug wells the businesses shed by means of the bankruptcies. Unplugged oil and gasoline wells can emit climate-warming methane and carcinogenic gases and typically leak briny, radioactive wastewater, as ProPublica and Capital & Major detailed in a 2024 investigation. The newsrooms uncovered Grey, Stitzel and Gilmore’s early enterprise dealings and use of chapter proceedings.
“I can’t stand by whereas dangerous actors make the most of the system — avoiding accountability, burdening the state with pricey remediation, and recklessly endangering the well being of New Mexicans,” Raúl Torrez, the state’s lawyer basic, stated in a press release.
As a part of ProPublica and Capital & Major’s 2024 investigation, the information organizations toured dozens of wells belonging to Remnant, the group of firms by means of which the boys launched their enterprise. Some wells leaked such excessive volumes of methane that, if ignited, the air might explode; others emitted hydrogen sulfide at doubtlessly deadly concentrations; and a number of other have been surrounded by oil and wastewater spills. On the time, the proprietor of an oil discipline providers firm that had labored on Remnant’s wells stated that the boys filed for chapter safety with out paying his firm what it was owed.
The latest lawsuit is “meritless” and constructed on “baseless claims,” Grey stated in a press release responding to questions from ProPublica and Capital & Major. “I’ve all the time acted ethically and by no means been concerned in any actions to defraud the state of New Mexico. I strongly deny any wrongdoing on this matter,” he stated.
New Period Vitality & Digital, one among Grey’s firms named within the state’s criticism, ended up with 87 of the group’s greatest gasoline wells, and the corporate stated in a press launch that these “now not align with the Firm’s enterprise mannequin.” New Period is concentrated as an alternative on constructing an AI knowledge heart powered by a yet-to-be-built nuclear energy station, it stated.
Stitzel and Gilmore didn’t reply to requests for remark.
The ways alleged by the lawyer basic are generally used within the business to squeeze income from outdated wells earlier than firms go bankrupt. Oil and gasoline executives so regularly comply with an analogous sample that environmentalists name it “the playbook.”
Oil firms and commerce teams argue that almost all orphan wells are from an earlier period and that trendy operators are serving to handle the issue by paying into varied government-managed funds that pay for the plugging of some outdated wells.
The precise variety of orphan wells awaiting cleanup nationwide is unknown, however the determine is believed to be within the tons of of hundreds, if not larger. New Mexico faces as a lot as a $1.6 billion invoice to plug such wells, in line with a June 2025 Legislative Finance Committee report.
“Because the oil increase is growing older and a number of the wells have gotten low-producing, the chance is growing,” stated Mandy Sackett, the lead New Mexico campaigner for environmental group Earthworks. The potential for taxpayers to be saddled with plugging oil firms’ orphan wells, she stated, “poses such an enormous monetary threat.”
“Out of the Darkish Ages”
The issue of Remnant and different firms leaving wells as orphans is informing a broader reckoning amongst legislators and regulatory companies in regards to the inadequacy of New Mexico’s safeguards.
Oil firms are required to put aside funds, referred to as bonds, that the state can name on to pay for properly plugging and environmental cleanup. These bonds are supposed to defend taxpayers from shouldering such prices within the occasion that an organization goes bankrupt or walks away.
However like all oil-producing states, New Mexico’s bonds cowl solely a fraction of the true value of cleanup. A 2024 ProPublica and Capital & Major evaluation discovered that the 15 states that account for almost all of the nation’s oil and gasoline manufacturing held bonds that will cowl lower than 2% of the projected $151.3 billion value to plug the wells of their states.
In New Mexico, a contemporary try at bonding reform kicked off with hearings in October, because the state’s Oil Conservation Fee started updating bonding guidelines. The proposed amendments, that are backed by a coalition of environmental teams, would require firms to place ahead a $150,000 bond for every inactive or low-producing properly. Analysis has proven that these are disproportionately prone to grow to be orphans and the state’s accountability to plug.
The proposed laws goal firms with massive collections of those dangerous wells and would require firms whose portfolios are made up of not less than 15% inactive or low-producing wells to purchase bonds for every of their wells. The proposals would additionally place different layers of regulatory scrutiny on gross sales of wells to poorly capitalized firms and restrict the time that wells might stay idle earlier than needing to be plugged.
Oil Conservation Division officers stated in a press release that “the events are at the moment engaged in settlement talks” for the bonding rulemaking. The company declined to touch upon the lawyer basic’s lawsuit.
New Mexico’s State Land Workplace, which oversees the state’s publicly owned land, just lately initiated an analogous course of to extend the sum of money put aside in bonds to plug wells inside its jurisdiction. The company estimates that there are 15,000 unplugged oil and gasoline wells on land it manages.
Ari Biernoff, basic counsel of the State Land Workplace, stated that these reforms would carry bonding necessities “out of the Darkish Ages” and nearer to what the company would want to fund cleanup ought to firms stroll away.
“Any affordable observer would conclude we now have grossly insufficient bonding,” Biernoff stated.
Trade teams have expressed dissatisfaction with the proposed guidelines.
The New Mexico Oil & Gasoline Affiliation and Unbiased Petroleum Affiliation of New Mexico submitted counterproposals with considerably diminished bonding will increase. The latter stated in feedback submitted to the state that its suggestion “will preserve smaller operators from going out of enterprise.”
“We don’t imagine it’s in New Mexico’s greatest curiosity for the State Land Workplace to kill a number of smaller, state-based, good operators to go away solely a handful of supermajors,” Jim Winchester, government director of the Unbiased Petroleum Affiliation of New Mexico, wrote to the company.
Remnants of the Oil Trade
Starting in 2015, Grey, Stitzel and Gilmore aggregated a number of hundred wells in southeastern New Mexico below the Remnant firms, subsequently racking up regulatory violations, together with having too many inactive, unplugged wells. The state’s Oil Conservation Division gave Remnant a deadline of July 2019 to plug a few of its wells. Fifteen days earlier than the deadline, the boys positioned the corporate into chapter 11 safety.
Remnant’s dissolution kicked off a fancy and disputed sequence of transactions among the many three males. In accordance with the lawyer basic’s criticism, Stitzel and Gilmore created a number of firms below the identify Acacia and bought most of Remnant’s wells from themselves. Grey, in the meantime, created Solis Companions — a completely owned subsidiary of Grey’s New Period — and ended up with 87 of the group’s most profitable gas-producing wells. The invoice of sale that landed the wells with Grey’s firm was for $10, and Grey signed on behalf of Remnant a change-of-operator utility that despatched wells to Solis Companions.
Then, in December 2024, a significant oil firm that the state had requested to plug a few of Acacia’s wells sued Acacia to pressure it to wash up its personal mess. Two weeks later, Acacia filed to liquidate by means of chapter.
Of Remnant’s and Acacia’s wells, 172 ended up because the accountability of the State Land Workplace, in line with the company. Eleven of these have been plugged, all however one by different oil firms that maintain leases with the company and stepped as much as do the work. Primarily based on the state’s estimated per-well cleanup value, the remaining wells might value a complete of greater than $25 million to plug.
The company was capable of declare a single bond from Remnant value $20,000.
“It is a very vivid demonstration of why we’d like an improve to the bonding rule,” stated Biernoff, the State Land Workplace basic counsel.
Probably the most profitable wells from Grey, Stitzel and Gilmore’s foray into New Mexico’s oil and gasoline business belong to Solis Companions. However even that firm seems prone to leaving them as orphans, because it has about 120 inactive wells on state belief land, in line with the State Land Workplace. Its guardian firm, New Period, which is pitching plans for a 3,500-acre AI knowledge heart campus in southeastern New Mexico, stated it’s promoting the wells.
“Having enriched themselves with the income from Solis Companions’ and Acacia’s oil and gasoline manufacturing, the Particular person Defendants are as soon as once more searching for to stroll away from the plugging and remediation prices,” the lawyer basic’s criticism alleged.
Charlie Barrett is an ecologist with environmental group Oilfield Witness who has chronicled air pollution at Remnant’s and Acacia’s wells for years. “They’re outdated, they’re simply falling aside,” he stated. They’re additionally, he stated, emblematic of the small oil and gasoline operators that signify the ultimate stage of the business leaving its wells as orphans.
“I want I might say that it’s distinctive,” Barrett stated, “however it isn’t.”
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